Page 159 questions

1. Republic-A form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders.
Patricians- Wealthy landowners who held most of the power in Rome.
Plebeians-Common farmers, artisans,and merchants who made up the majority of the population.
Tribunes- Plebeian assembly's that allowed them to elect representatives.
Consuls- Two officials like kings that commanded the army and directed the army. Only served one year in office and could not be elected again in 10 years.
Senate- The aristocratic branch of Romes government. 
Dictator- In time of crisis a elected leader who would absorb absolute power to make laws and command the army.
Legions- Large Roman military units. Made up of 5000 infantry, and cavalry.
Punic Wars- Three wars between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC
Hannibal- Carthaginian general during the Punic Wars.
3. A consuls term was only 1 year The same person could not be elected again for 10 years. One consul could override the others decisions.
4. The Patrician officials would often interpret the laws to better their case but the twelve tables prevented that and they also established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law.
5. Instead of a head on attack he decided to go around Spain and France and through the Alps to attack.

Main Ideas and Timeline

Main Ideas: Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. Eventually, absolute rulers called emperors seized power and expanded the empire.
At it's height the Roman Empire touched three continents-Europe, Asia, and Africa. For several centuries, Rome brought peace and prosperity to its empire before its eventual collapse.
Out of Judea rose a monotheistic, or single-god religion known as Christianity. Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond.

Timeline: 509 BC-Rome becomes a republic. 264 BC-First Punic War begins. 218 BC-In the second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy. 31 BC- Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra (bust of Cleopatra). 284 AD- Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome. 476 AD- Western Roman Empire falls (Roman horseman)

4/24/2019

Today in class we started our lesson on Rome. We listened to Mr. Schick's rap about Rome which was actually pretty good for a rap about something in school. We learned about why Rome got rid of kings and the unique government system that they used. Overall I'm excited to learn about Rome, and since I've been there I might get to know a little more about it.

4/23/2019

Today we got our tests back. I did pretty well I got 89% which I'm kinda mad since I was so close to getting and A. We also talked about how Mr. Schick has to leave for two weeks and we will have a sub for those days.

4/10/2019

Today in class we talked and watched about a video on Plato's Allegory of the Cave. In the video there are three men chained up in a cave and have never seen the outside world. One of them gets set free and goes out into the world and sees the thing that they learned are not true and sees different things than what he knew. He goes back into the cave and tells the others about how they were wrong and wants to show them the world. The other two think he is crazy and refuse to be let free.

4/9/2018

1. Hellenistic- A blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures as a result of Alexanders policies.
Alexandria- The Egyptian city that became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.
Euclid- A highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. Wrote a book called Elements which contained 465 carefully presented geometry propositions and proofs.
Archimedes- A Hellenistic scientist that calculated the value of pi. He also invented the Archimedes screw, and the compound pulley.
Colossus of Rhodes- Bronze statue that stood over 100 ft high. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Was a sculpture of Nike but was toppled in an earth quake in 225 bc.
3. Trade contributed to the cultural diversity in Alexandria by bringing people from all over the Mediterranean to trade.
4. Euclid influenced some of the developments in astronomy during this period because he created the basis for geometry which was later used by astronomers such as Eratosthenes and Aristarchus.
5. Stoicism and Epicureanism both believed that a God or gods ran the universe  and both thought that people should not focus too much on materialistic things and that they should be put in moderation.

4/8/2018

1.King Philip II- Macedonia king who took control of Greece after the Peloponnesian war and dreamed of taking over Persia.
Macedonia- Kingdom located just north of Greece, had rough terrain and a cold climate.
Alexander the Great- King of Macedonia, son of Philip II that conquered the Persian empire.
Darius III-  King of the Persian army who was conquered by Alexander the Great.
3. Philip II was able to take over Greece because he attacked right after they had finished fighting the Peloponnesian war while Greece was weakened. He attacked and defeated the Athenian and Thebeian armies at the battle of Chaeronea and took over Greece.
4. Alexander continued his campaign of conquest after taking over Persia because he wanted to expand his empire and wanted to conquer India.
5. After Alexanders death his generals fought over control for his empire it was settled that Antigonus would become king of Macedonia, Ptolemy would have Egypt, and Seleucus took the Persian empire.

4/4/2019

Today in class we discussed the questions we answered yesterday. We learned about the story of Oedipus Rex, the story was kind of disturbing and very weird. In the story a King Oedipus ostracizes his father from their house. He then later ostracizes his mother from his house. In their years on the streets the mother and father become unrecognizable. He kills his father after he gets mad at him for crashing his cart, and then has a sexual relationship with his mother since she is not recognizable. Everyone in the city hates him so he stabs and cuts out his eyes.

4/3/2019

1. Direct democracy-  A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.

Classical art- The portrayal of ideal beauty not realism in art.

Tragedy- A serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, ware, and betrayal.

Comedy- A play contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor.

Peloponneseian war- War between Athens and Sparta from 431 bc to 421 bc.

Philosophers- Great thinkers that were determined to seek truth.

Socrates- Greek philosopher believed there were standards for truth and justice. And encouraged people to question themselves.

Plato- Philosopher student of Socrates believed in a perfectly governed society.

Aristotle- Philosopher student of Plato questioned the nature of the world and human belief, thought, and knowledge. Teacher of Alexander the Great.

2. Pericles increased the number of public officials who were paid salary.

4. The Athenians wanted to avoid land battles and wait to fight the Spartans at sea.