pg 480-487 questions 1,3,4,5

1. Utopia- Greek for "no place". In English means an ideal place depicted in Thomas More's book.
William Shakespeare- A famous writer of the Elizabethan era, many regard him as the greatest playwright of all time.
Johann Gutenberg- A German inventor that created the printing press in 1440.
3. He brought the styles and techniques of the Italian Renaissance back to Northern Europe and influenced other artists in Europe.
4. The renaissance changed society by bringing along humanists who promoted the education of women and founded schools.
5. The printing press made it possible to produce books cheaply and quickly and make them more open for the public to get.

pg 477 #'s 1,3,4,5

1. Renaissance- Means rebirth refers to a revival of art and learning in the 1300 to 1600.
Humanism- An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.
Secular-The basic spirit of Renaissance society was worldly rather than spiritual and concerned with the here and now.
Perspective- A painting technique used by renaissance painters which shows three dimensions on a flat surface.
Vernacular-The native language of Dante.
3. The Men in the wanted to master every area of study. The Renaissance women were not expected to seek fame, and were told to know the classics and be charming. 

4. The artists of the renaissance were inspired by Roman art and statues.
5. Greek and Roman styles of art and literature flourished in their time, so they wanted to go back to that time.

Test day

Today in class we took our test on Rome. I thought that I did pretty well and there were only a couple that I didn't really know and that I just guessed on, but overall I felt pretty confident about it and can't wait to see what I got on it. Hopefully an A.

Tuesday May 14

Today we went over the test for tomorrow. We went through the power point and just had a review day. I feel pretty confident for the test I think that if I study a little tonight that I will do well. I already know a lot about Julius Caesar since we read "Julius Caesar" by Shakespeare in English earlier this year so I think that I will do well on this test.

Rome day 7

I do agree that the United States is declining like Rome but I don't believe that it's failing because of the same reasons. Arther Ferrill talks bout how the fall of Rome was due to military collapse. Less and less people have been joining the military in recent years but our military is still the strongest in the world and has some of the most powerful weapons in the world, so even though the US military is not great in size compared to other countries It makes up for that in power. Finley Hooper makes the most valid point in my opinion that the fall of Rome was a process rather than a specific event. More and more people in the US have forgotten the struggle for the country to get where it is today and to get to the point where were at. That can do harm to the country because if you don't remember the past you are doomed to repeat it.

sick day

Today I was not in class because I was sick at home.

pg 173-176

1.Inflation- A drastic drop in the value of money coupled with a raise in prices.
Mercenaries- Foreign soldiers who fought for money.
Diocletian- A strong willed army leader who came to power in 284 AD
Constantinople- The new name for Rome meaning the city of Constantine.
Attila- A powerful chieftain that lead the Huns.
3. Rome's economy weakened and people fought for military and political turmoil.
4. Diocletian doubled the size of Rome's army and he set fixed prices for goods to stop inflation.
5. The Germanic tribes invaded Rome to get away from the Huns

Rap

In the line "Now Tarquin’s kinda proud, but he got a little loud" It talks about King Lucius Tarquias Superbus and how he was a tyrant and he was very confident but sometimes too confident and boastful. In the line "No wonder thy didn't want anymore kings" it's still talking about king Tarquin and how the people of Rome did not like him because of all of the awful things he did. The lines "Hey, we got three governments rolled into one

Patricians and plebeians havin’ some fun" talks about the government of Rome, the Roman government consisted of two consuls who each served one term. The Roman government was a mix of three governments an aristocracy, a monarchy, and a democracy.

Off

In today's class our sub Mrs. Zurkowski had a class so Mr. Powell gave us an off mod.

Page 159 questions

1. Republic-A form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders.
Patricians- Wealthy landowners who held most of the power in Rome.
Plebeians-Common farmers, artisans,and merchants who made up the majority of the population.
Tribunes- Plebeian assembly's that allowed them to elect representatives.
Consuls- Two officials like kings that commanded the army and directed the army. Only served one year in office and could not be elected again in 10 years.
Senate- The aristocratic branch of Romes government. 
Dictator- In time of crisis a elected leader who would absorb absolute power to make laws and command the army.
Legions- Large Roman military units. Made up of 5000 infantry, and cavalry.
Punic Wars- Three wars between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC
Hannibal- Carthaginian general during the Punic Wars.
3. A consuls term was only 1 year The same person could not be elected again for 10 years. One consul could override the others decisions.
4. The Patrician officials would often interpret the laws to better their case but the twelve tables prevented that and they also established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law.
5. Instead of a head on attack he decided to go around Spain and France and through the Alps to attack.

Main Ideas and Timeline

Main Ideas: Rome began as a republic, a government in which elected officials represent the people. Eventually, absolute rulers called emperors seized power and expanded the empire.
At it's height the Roman Empire touched three continents-Europe, Asia, and Africa. For several centuries, Rome brought peace and prosperity to its empire before its eventual collapse.
Out of Judea rose a monotheistic, or single-god religion known as Christianity. Based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, it soon spread throughout Rome and beyond.

Timeline: 509 BC-Rome becomes a republic. 264 BC-First Punic War begins. 218 BC-In the second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy. 31 BC- Octavian defeats the forces of Antony and Cleopatra (bust of Cleopatra). 284 AD- Diocletian becomes emperor of Rome. 476 AD- Western Roman Empire falls (Roman horseman)

4/24/2019

Today in class we started our lesson on Rome. We listened to Mr. Schick's rap about Rome which was actually pretty good for a rap about something in school. We learned about why Rome got rid of kings and the unique government system that they used. Overall I'm excited to learn about Rome, and since I've been there I might get to know a little more about it.

4/23/2019

Today we got our tests back. I did pretty well I got 89% which I'm kinda mad since I was so close to getting and A. We also talked about how Mr. Schick has to leave for two weeks and we will have a sub for those days.

4/10/2019

Today in class we talked and watched about a video on Plato's Allegory of the Cave. In the video there are three men chained up in a cave and have never seen the outside world. One of them gets set free and goes out into the world and sees the thing that they learned are not true and sees different things than what he knew. He goes back into the cave and tells the others about how they were wrong and wants to show them the world. The other two think he is crazy and refuse to be let free.

4/9/2018

1. Hellenistic- A blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures as a result of Alexanders policies.
Alexandria- The Egyptian city that became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization.
Euclid- A highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria. Wrote a book called Elements which contained 465 carefully presented geometry propositions and proofs.
Archimedes- A Hellenistic scientist that calculated the value of pi. He also invented the Archimedes screw, and the compound pulley.
Colossus of Rhodes- Bronze statue that stood over 100 ft high. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Was a sculpture of Nike but was toppled in an earth quake in 225 bc.
3. Trade contributed to the cultural diversity in Alexandria by bringing people from all over the Mediterranean to trade.
4. Euclid influenced some of the developments in astronomy during this period because he created the basis for geometry which was later used by astronomers such as Eratosthenes and Aristarchus.
5. Stoicism and Epicureanism both believed that a God or gods ran the universe  and both thought that people should not focus too much on materialistic things and that they should be put in moderation.

4/8/2018

1.King Philip II- Macedonia king who took control of Greece after the Peloponnesian war and dreamed of taking over Persia.
Macedonia- Kingdom located just north of Greece, had rough terrain and a cold climate.
Alexander the Great- King of Macedonia, son of Philip II that conquered the Persian empire.
Darius III-  King of the Persian army who was conquered by Alexander the Great.
3. Philip II was able to take over Greece because he attacked right after they had finished fighting the Peloponnesian war while Greece was weakened. He attacked and defeated the Athenian and Thebeian armies at the battle of Chaeronea and took over Greece.
4. Alexander continued his campaign of conquest after taking over Persia because he wanted to expand his empire and wanted to conquer India.
5. After Alexanders death his generals fought over control for his empire it was settled that Antigonus would become king of Macedonia, Ptolemy would have Egypt, and Seleucus took the Persian empire.

4/4/2019

Today in class we discussed the questions we answered yesterday. We learned about the story of Oedipus Rex, the story was kind of disturbing and very weird. In the story a King Oedipus ostracizes his father from their house. He then later ostracizes his mother from his house. In their years on the streets the mother and father become unrecognizable. He kills his father after he gets mad at him for crashing his cart, and then has a sexual relationship with his mother since she is not recognizable. Everyone in the city hates him so he stabs and cuts out his eyes.

4/3/2019

1. Direct democracy-  A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives.

Classical art- The portrayal of ideal beauty not realism in art.

Tragedy- A serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, ware, and betrayal.

Comedy- A play contained scenes filled with slapstick situations and crude humor.

Peloponneseian war- War between Athens and Sparta from 431 bc to 421 bc.

Philosophers- Great thinkers that were determined to seek truth.

Socrates- Greek philosopher believed there were standards for truth and justice. And encouraged people to question themselves.

Plato- Philosopher student of Socrates believed in a perfectly governed society.

Aristotle- Philosopher student of Plato questioned the nature of the world and human belief, thought, and knowledge. Teacher of Alexander the Great.

2. Pericles increased the number of public officials who were paid salary.

4. The Athenians wanted to avoid land battles and wait to fight the Spartans at sea.

3/29/2019

In class today we watched other groups present their projects. We saw one on the battle of Thermopylae which was my favorite. We also saw one on the foods that were eaten in ancient Greece, the food they made was pretty good.Their was also one project about the children of ancient Athena and the children of ancient Sparta.

3/27/2019

Today on class we worked on our project. We had to film one more scene for our movie. The scene is where our main character is finally inducted into the spartan army. When we finished it we just talked in class since we had a sub and didn't have anything else to do.

2/25/2019

In class today we worked on our projects. We are making a movie for our project. It is on the life of Spartan soldiers. We worked o our speaking parts of the projects and the paper.

2/21/2019

Socrates looked to science and logic to explain how the world worked. Socratic method fostered critical thinking.Socrates was charged with impiety and corrupting of Athens youth. Plato a follower of Socrates. He wrote out Socrates teachings and his trial in The Apology. Aristotle was a student of Plato he helped foster the idea of Athens as an intellectual destination. Aristotle tutored Alexander the Great as a child.

3/19/2019

Athens had a great infantry too but nothing could compare with their navy. Their most effective weapon was the trireme. The Trireme was the fastest ship in the world at the time. It was rowed by up to 170 men on 3 levels. Could be used as a battering ram. The Greek Phalanx. Made up of close rank dense grouping warriors. Armed with long spears and inter locking shields. Soldiers would advance slowly toward the enemy until they broke through their ranks.

3/18/2019

Today in class we got into our project groups. Trent, Kyle and I are doing a movie on the life of a Spartan soldier for out project. I'm going to be the main character "the Spartan". We go through the typical life of a man in Sparta.

3/15/2019

I had a Dr's appointment and was not in class today.

3/13/2019

We had a sub today and we watched a movie.

3/12/2019

Hippias was a tyrant who ruled from 527 to 510 BCE. He was ostracized and started to work with the Persians to invade Athenians. After his rein Isogoras and Cleisthenes battled it out for power. Isagoras won and ostracized Cleisthenes. The people of Athens revolted and made Cleisthenes their ruler. Cleisthenes created the first democracy.

3/8/2019

Polis- Fundamental political unit made up of a city in the surrounding countryside.
Monarchy- rule by a single person.
Aristocracy- rule by a small group of noble rich landowning families.
Oligarchy- Wealthy groups who seized power.
Tyrant- Powerful individual who seized power by appealing to the common people
During the 6th and 7th centuries aristocracy controlled Greece. Athenians formed a democracy. Sparta formed a military state.

3/6/2019

Fertile land cover 1/4 of the peninsula only about 20% is arable. Greek diet consisted of grains, grapes, olives, and fish. Greek influence started around 2000 BCE. Mycenaean kings ruled Greece from 1600-1100 BCE. Trojan war took place around 1200 BCE. The Dorians moved into Greece and writing disappeared for 400 years.

3/5/2019

Mesopotamia-Tigris/Euphrates, Egypt-Nile, India-Indus, China-Huang He. Greece is located on the Mediterranean sea, covered in mountains, surrounded by the Ionian sea, Aegean sea, Adriatic sea. Greece is a mountainous peninsula, approximately 2,000 islands surround Greece. Had many specialized workers including sailors, shipbuilders, farmers, metalworkers, weavers, and potters. They had limited natural resources. It was difficult to unite the nations of Greece because of the mountains.

3/4/2019

Greece wasn't a united country it was a collection of separate lands where Greek speaking people lived. Greece consisted of a peninsula now known as Greece and around 2,000 islands in the Aegean and Ionian seas. Greeks used the Aegean sea, Ionian sea, and the Black sea. Mountains covered 3/4 of ancient Greece which made travel hard and long. Because of the mountains it made farming hard so not many people lived in Greece at a single time only around a few million lived there.

2/28/2019

Upper and Lower Egypt were united in the year 3100 BC by King Narmer. Earliest Egyptian writing formed around 3100 BC and was written on papyrus. Egyptian astronomers created a calendar with 12 months and 365 days. They made wooden sailboats to increase transportation ability on the Nile.

2/27/2019

21. One way the Nile River influenced life in ancient Egypt by providing travel and trade routes among the people. Another way it helped influence Egyptian life was every year after the flood water receded it would leave a layer of silt that was good for farming and was very fertile. The Nile also provided papyrus which were tall reeds that grew in the Nile delta and could be turned into something that could be written on.
22. The pyramids were built as tombs for the Egyptian kings and Pharaohs. They were built to help guide the soul in the after life to get where they needed to go.

2/26/2019

1. Delta- The Nile delta provided a reliable system of transportation between Upper and Lower
Egypt.
Narmer- A king of Egypt that brought the lands of Upper and Lower Egypt together.
Theocracy- A religion based on beliefs and practices, Egypt was a theocracy.
Pyramid- Pyramids were giant structures built by the Egyptians as tombs for their kings because the believed that their kings were gods and that they had power after death.
Mummification- Egyptians took the Royal and Elite Egyptians bodies and embalmed it and dried it to prevent the corpse from decaying.
Hieroglyphic- A form of writing use by the Egyptians, was a set of carvings.
Papyrus- A surface that Egyptians used to write on, was made of reeds that grew from the delta.
3. Being surrounded helped the Egyptians because it shut out invaders from the Fertile crescent.
4. The Egyptians viewed the Pharaoh as a God with other worldly power and power after death.
5. Egyptians mummified their bodies to prevent bodies from decaying.

2/22/2019

In class today we turned in both sheets that we worked on yesterday in class. Then we took notes on pages in our book about Ancient Egypt.

2/21/2019

Today in class we worked on a worksheet. We were given scenarios and we had to pretend like we were a judge back in time when Hammurabi's code was around. We had to take the scenarios and decide what punishment they person in that specific scenario should get. After that we would compare what we chose to do with the actual laws from Hammurabi's code. 

2/15/2019

Wandering Nomads drove herds of domesticated animals in many areas especially to the south of Sumer in Arabia. Sumer was conquered by the Akkadians c. 2350 B.C.E their gods took the place of previous gods and all were forced to worship them. King Hammurabi in Babylon created a series of laws known as "Hammurabi's code".

2/14/2019

The agricultural revolution was also known as the Neolithic age. During this time populations significantly rose. Hierarchies appeared in village life.. The invention of the wheel and later plow played a big part in this age. Many villagers were polytheists.  The district of Sumer was between the Tigris and Euphrates river. Cities were founded with some with as many as 40,000 people. A pantheon of gods and goddesses emerged. The worlds first surviving epic was the Sumerian "Epic of Gilgamesh", which told of a great flood.The Sumerians divided the hour into sixty minutes and the minute into sixty seconds, they also created a calendar.

2/4/2019

Gwar a 9,000 year old, a few hundred people lived in Gwar. They started to develop homes and covered the inside of their homes in plaster. They made the plaster from melting limestone. The land in the the fertile crescent became arid from over farming. They moved to the east and west for better land.

1/28/2019

South America only has one of the 14 domesticated animals native to the continent. None of the large domesticated animals were native to New Guinea, Australia, South Africa, and North America. Asia, North Africa, Europe had 13 of the 14 animals. Goats, sheep, pigs, cows all came from the Middle East.

1/24/2019

The archaeology site in Draa uncovered one of the oldest civilizations in history  at around 11,500 years old. The small village supposedly had around 40-50 people living in it. This was one of the first places were farming started to take over. The middle eastern people of the stone age were the first farmers. The way crops are changed is called domestication. Chinese farmers started growing rice, in the Americas they grew corn, squash, and beans, early African farmers grew sorghum, millet, and yams. New Guineans have been farming almost as long as the people in the Middle East. New Guinean crops couldn't be stored long, they couldn't be planted in abundance, and weren't rich in protein.

1/23/2019

 Jared Diamond is a professor at UCLA. He travels to Papa New Guinea to learn about their civilization. People have live din Papa New Guinea for 40,000 years more than any other country on Earth. They are the most culturally diverse people on the planet, and most adaptable. The question that Jared was asked was "Why do you white men have so much cargo but us New Guineans have so little?" Westerners used to think that power was determined by race, they thought they were genetically superior. Three things that every advanced civilization has had are advanced technology, large populations, and specialized workers. Most people used to live as hunters and gatherers. Sago can be found in trees and can be turned into a dough when heated. One tree contains around 70 pounds of cargo.

1/22/2019

In the video there was a human physiologist named Jared Diamond, he was trying to learn about how guns, germs and steel were used throughout history and how they impacted civilizations for better or for worse. First he was in the jungles of New Guinea and was with some natives, and was learning their ways and how they adapt to changes.

1/16/2019

Today was my birthday and in class instead of doing anything we were allowed to listen to music while Mr. Schick graded the last two essays from the exams. I forgot my earbud so I just played on my computer the whole time and talked to people.

Religion Paragraphs

• Christianity

Christianity is the largest religion in the world with around 2.2 billion adherents in the world. Christians are mostly found in Europe, North and South America, and Southern Africa.  There are many denominations of Christians in the world including Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Protestants, and Methodists just to name a few. The religion was founded by Jesus Christ in the 1st century AD, there holy book is the Bible and is a monotheistic religion.

• Islam

Islam is the second largest religion with around 1.5 billion adherents world wide but mainly found in Indonesia, the Middle East, and Northern Africa. The religion was founded by Abraham in around 570 - 632 AD. The holy book of Muslims is the Quaran and they are monotheistic, and they believe in the five pillars which are testimony, prayer, alms-giving, fasting, and pilgrimage. 

• Hinduism

Hinduism is the 3rd largest religion in the world with around 1.1 billion adherents world wide with most coming from India and Nepal. The holy book of Hinduism are the Vedas. Hindus don't really have a distinct founder. It is more of a set of philosophical beliefs than a religion with strict rules.

• Buddhism

Buddhism has from 500 million to 1.5 billion adherents in South East Asia, China, Nepal, and Japan. Buddhists believe in the four noble truths There is suffering in the world, attachment to desire is the origin of suffering, there is a cessation of suffering, and the eight-fold path will lead to the cessation of suffering.

• Judaism

Judaism has from 14 - 18 million adherents most being from Israel and the US. The holy book for jews is the Torah. They are monotheistic and believe in the 10 commandments. 

1/10/2019

Although most immigrants learn the language of the new location, they typically retain their religion. Reliable statistics of the number of adherents are difficult to obtain. Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism are the worlds largest religions. Pew estimates that 2.2 billion people in the world view themselves as Christian, 1.6 as Muslim, 1 billion as Hindu, and 500 million as Buddhist. Atheism is the belief that God does not exist. Agnosticism is the belief that the existence of God cant  be proven empirically.

1/8/2019

1. The four basic Vedic texts in Hindu are the Rig-Veda, the Sama-Veda, the Yajur-Veda, and the Atharva-Veda. The Rig- Veda is the most important of the four and is also the largest containing 1028 hymns and 10 books. The Sama-Veda is made up of almost the same hymns as the Rig-Veda except they are rearranged because they are meant to be chanted, it has 760 hymns with around 70 of them coming from the Rig-Veda. The Yajur-Veda is split into two parts the white and the black sections, they describe how to perform rituals and sacrifices. The final Veda is the Atharva-Veda, this Veda contains charms and magical incantations and has a more folklorist style, it contains 730 hymns.

2. In the late medieval period indulgences in the catholic church were a way to reduce the amount of torment and punishment for their sins. The problem Martin Luther had with these were that these indulgences were mostly just payments and giving money to priests and the church. I think this made Martin Luther angry because the church was supposed to teach that you don't need materialistic things but yet they are asking people to give them money. Another reason he may have rejected these indulgences was that it was guilt tripping people into giving the church money, it was making them feel like a worse person if they didn't give money to the church regardless if they had the money or not.

3. Hajj is when Muslims go to Mecca a Saudi Arabian city to worship god. Muslims are expected to do this at least once in there life.

1/3/2019

Hinduism- Has 1.1 billion adherents and is the 3rd largest religion. The religion is mostly found in India and Nepal. Their holy book is called the Vetas. They don't have a founder and its a series of philosophical points of view rather than a strict set of beliefs.
Buddhism- There are around 500 million to 1.5 billion Buddhists world wide. Buddhists are mostly found in Southeast Asia, China, Nepal, and Japan. There are 1.2 million Buddhists in the USA.

1/2/19

Today I wasn't in class because I had a doctors appointment.